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HOME   -   HISTORY TIMELINES   -   TIMELINES OF THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION   -   YEAR 1915

 
   


Downhill from now on for Pancho Villa, Mexican History 1915
DOWNHILL HEREAFTER FOR PANCHO VILLA
Mexican History 1915
 

Mexican Revolution Timeline - Year 1915
 

January 4, 1915
The Constitutionalist forces, or Carrancistas, led by
 Alvaro Obregon kick the remaining Zapatistas out of Puebla City.
 

January 16, 1915
Interim President Gutiérrez realizes that he had managed to annoy all revolutionary fractions equally. He flees from Mexico City and settles in the small town of Doctor Arroyo.


The Conventionalists name 29-year-old Villista  Roque González Garza their political leader. Confusion spreads.

Alvaro Obregon approaches the capital.


January 26, 1915
 Roque González Garza and his Villista / Zapatista government provisionally moves to Cuernavaca with its entire personnel.


January 28, 1915
The Constitutionalists, which are the Carrancistas, led by
Alvaro Obregon, enter Mexico City.

Mexico City fights with famine and pestilence. Meanwhile, the Zapatistas have almost all of  Morelos surveyed and re-organized. The Morelenses, which is the name for the people of Morelos, are leaning towards independence from the rest of the country, which is more or less in a rotten state. They say that taxes and railroads are their own affairs and they are seeking to obtain their own currency.


January 31, 1915
First session of the Revolutionary Convention, which had moved to Cuernavaca.


February 2, 1915
The Convention President
 Roque González Garza decrees that the revolution paper money has to be accepted in Morelos.  Zapata is not happy about the limited amount of currency that gets allocated to his area.


February 19, 1915
 Roque González Garza wants to resign but the Convention persuades him to remain in office.


February 20, 1915
 Emiliano Zapata writes Pancho Villa and asks for troops and ammunition. Villa answers that it's a no-can-do. Instead, these must be seized from the enemy.


March 10, 1915
Alvaro Obregon's Constitutionalist army leaves Mexico City.


March 11, 1915
The Revolutionary Convention's last day in Cuernavaca. Zapatista government moves back in Mexico City.  Emiliano Zapata remains in
 Morelos.


March 21, 1915
In Mexico City, the Zapatista majority is led by Soto y Gama and Manuel Palafox.

 Emiliano Zapata doesn't show much interest in anything that goes on outside of  Morelos.


March 31, 1915
President
 Roque González Garza has nominated the following people for the Cabinet:

  • Foreign Relations: M. Diaz Lombardo

  • Treasury and Industry: Francisco Escudero

  • Interior: Francisco Lagos Chazaro

  • Justice: Manuel Mendez Lopez

  • State and Communications: Luis de la Garza Cardenas

  • Public Instructor: Valentine Gama

  • Public Instruction: Otillo Montano

  • Agriculture: Manuel Palafox

  • War: General Francisco Pacheco.


April 4 - 10, 1915
First Battle of Celaya. Fought at Celaya, Guanajuato, between the forces of  Álvaro Obregón (pro- Carranza) and Pancho Villa.

Obregon wins. Villa's first major defeat.


April 13 - 15, 1915
Second Battle of Celaya. Obregon finishes what he started a few days ago. After the fight, Obregon sends report to Carranza and claims that Villa has lost 32 cannon, 5,000 rifles, and 1,000 horses. From Villa's men, 3,000 ended up dead, and 6,000 men were taken prisoner.

MAP LOCATION OF CELAYA, GUANAJUATO, MEXICO
MAP LOCATION OF CELAYA, GUANAJUATO, MEXICO



CARRANZA'S MEN PILING UP THE GUNS THEY HAD CAPTURED FROM PANCHO VILLA'S MEN
CARRANZA'S MEN ARE PILING UP THE GUNS
THEY HAD CAPTURED FROM PANCHO VILLA'S MEN

 

April 16, 1915
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson's diplomat Judge Duval West meets with  Emiliano Zapata. Zapata asks for Wilson to receive Zapata's delegation. It was denied because the US had already recognized the Carranza government. West found Zapata friendly but considered him naive and concerned only with  Morelos.


Last days of April 1915
Battle of Leon starts. See June 3, 1915, which was its final day.


April 30, 1915

The Convention in Mexico City wants
Manuel Palafox to resign.


May 4, 1915
 Emiliano Zapata wires from Jojutla that he is on his way to the capital.
 Manuel Palafox is still in office.


May 5, 1915
Pablo Gonzáles Garza orders the Revolutionary Convention to give up all weapons. He does not recognize the state's government and revokes all laws it had established. 


May 7, 1915

As part of the Battle of Leon, Obregon establishes his headquarters at the Trinity Station, close to Santa Ana del Conde.


June 3, 1915
 Álvaro Obregón loses his right arm.

In his book The Life and Times of Pancho Villa, historian Friedrich Katz tells how it happened.

"On April 3, as Obregon stood on the hacienda's tower reconnoitering the battlefield, a Villista shell exploded, shattering his right arm. Convinced that he was bleeding to death, Obregon tried to commit suicide by shooting himself in the temple.

Fortunately for him, his adjutant had cleaned the pistol the night before and removed the cartridges. Obregon's men took the gun and brought him to the hospital. Obregon's temporary incapacity did not paralyze his army..."

However, there's another version that the arm was lost not on April 3, 1915, but today, on June 3, 1915, at Santa Ana del Conde, during the Battle of Leon.

Not sure which date it really was?

Let Jurgen Buchenau help you out. Jurgen is a history pro at UNC Charlotte and he was kind enough to clarify the matter for us.

I am absolutely positive of this date [June 3, 1915], having seen it in the Alvaro Obregon monument in Mexico City.

Katz's biography is excellent on Pancho Villa, but it is not a good source on Obregon; you can find the essential facts in Linda Hall's biography, Alvaro Obregon, pending the publication of my own book next year (you can also check out my chapter on Obregon's arm in Lyman Johnson, ed., Death, Dismemberment, and Memory (Albuquerque, 2004).


Thank you Jurgen!

And here is the photo documentary.
 

  Alvaro Obregon lost his right arm in battle in 1915.
   

Enough of the arm. Forgotten which battle it was?

Today is the final day of the Battle of León in which Pancho Villa fought  Álvaro Obregón. The long Battle of Leon had started end of April.

Obregon wins again.

Historian Friedrich Katz says that, "The defeat of Leon destroyed Villismo as a national force. Villa nevertheless refused to give up. He still believed that Obregon could be defeated and decided to make his last stand in central Mexico, in the city of Aguascalientes."


June 9, 1915
 Roque González Garza gets replaced by Francisco Lagos Cházaro, former governor of Veracruz. Gonzales Garza goes into exile and won't come back until 1920.

Venustiano Carranza forms his army of the east under Pablo Gonzáles Garza.


June 18, 1915
 Emiliano Zapata orders all senior officers to report for duty.


June 23, 1915
Southern troops under General Rafael Eguía Lis make a stand before the Gran Canal, 15 miles from the capital, thus halting
Pablo Gonzáles Garza's advance.


June 24, 1915
Zapatistas attack but have to withdraw and
Pablo Gonzáles Garza resumes his advance on Mexico City.


July 7, 1915
The governmental Convention convenes its last meeting.


July 11, 1915
Pablo Gonzáles Garza enters Mexico City


July 17, 1915
Pablo Gonzáles Garza pulls out after receiving fake reports of a Constitutionalist counterattack.


August 2, 1915
Nervous
Pablo Gonzáles Garza reenters Mexico City. Don Venustiano Carranza takes up residence in the National Palace.


October 19, 1915
The U.S. extends de facto recognition of the
Carranza government. De jure recognition will not be given until March 3, 1917, but in the meantime all arms shipments to Mexico are prohibited, except to Carranza.  Emiliano Zapata is having a nightmare.

Britain, France, Italy, Russia, Japan, Germany, Spain, and the majority of the Latin America follow the US policy. Besides, everybody had their hands full with  World War One.


November 28, 1915
Mexico City authorities announce plans for a victorious campaign against Zapatistas.


During December 1915
Genovevo de la O fights hard and successfully against the Carrancistas, which he pushed south all the way to Acapulco.

 

 

 

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