Britain
   802 - 924 Kingdom of Wessex (West Saxons)
     King:
     802 - 839: Egbert
     839 - 856: Aethelwulf
     856 - 860: Aethelbald
     860 - 866: Aethelbert
     866 - 871: Aethelred I
     871 - 899: Alfred the Great
     899 - 924: Edward the Elder
   925 - 1603 Kingdom of England
     King or Queen:
     925 - 939: Athelstan
     939 - 946: Edmund I
     946 - 955: Edred
     955 - 959: Edwy
     959 - 975: Edgar
     975 - 978: Edward the Martyr
     978 - 1013: Aethelred II
     1013 - 1014: Sweyn Forkbeard
     1014 - 1016: Aethelred II (restored)
     1016 - 1016: Edmund II Ironside
     1016 - 1035: Canute
     1035 - 1040: Harold I
     1040 - 1042: Hardecanute
     1042 - 1066: Edward the Confessor
     1066 - 1066: Harold II
     1066 - 1087: William I the Conqueror
     1087 - 1100: William II
     1100 - 1135: Henry I
     1135 - 1154: Stephen
     1154 - 1189: Henry II
     1189 - 1199: Richard I the Lionheart
     1199 - 1216: John
     1216 - 1272: Henry III
     1272 - 1307: Edward I
     1307 - 1327: Edward II
     1327 - 1377: Edward III
     1377 - 1399: Richard II
     1399 - 1413: Henry IV
     1413 - 1422: Henry V
     1422 - 1461: Henry VI
     1461 - 1470: Edward IV
     1470 - 1471: Henry VI (restored)
     1471 - 1483: Edward IV (restored)
     1483 - 1483: Edward V
     1483 - 1485: Richard III
     1485 - 1509: Henry VII
     1509 - 1547: Henry VIII
     1547 - 1553: Edward VI
     1553 - 1558: Mary I
     1558 - 1603: Elizabeth I
   1603 - Today Great Britain and the United Kingdom
     King or Queen:
     1603 - 1625: James I
     1625 - 1649: Charles I
     1653 - 1658: Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector)
     1658 - 1659: Richard Cromwell (Lord Protector)
     1660 - 1685: Charles II
     1685 - 1688: James II
     1689 - 1694: William III and Mary II
     1694 - 1702: William III
     1702 - 1714: Anne
     1714 - 1727: George I
     1727 - 1760: George II
     1760 - 1820: George III
     1820 - 1830: George IV
     1830 - 1837: William IV
     1837 - 1901: Victoria
     1901 - 1910: Edward VII
     1910 - 1936: George V
     1936 - 1936: Edward VIII
     1936 - 1952: George VI
     1952 -         : Elizabeth II

 

 Chaldea
   625 BC - 539 BC Chaldean Empire
     King:
     625 BC - 605 BC: Nabopolassar
     605 BC - 562 BC: Nebuchadrezzar II
     556 BC - 539 BC: Nabonidus
     539 BC: Now part of the Persian Empire
  


 Egypt
   ... - 525 BC Egyptian Empire
     Pre-dynastic period - 5500 - 3100 BC
          King / Queen / Pharaoh:
     Early dynastic period (also called archaic period) - 3150 – 2686 BC
          King / Queen / Pharaoh:
     Old Kingdom - Third to sixth dynasties - 2686 – 2181 BC
          King / Queen / Pharaoh:
     First intermediate period - Seventh to tenth dynasties - 2181 – 2040 BC
          King / Queen / Pharaoh:
     Middle Kingdom - 11th to 12th dynasties - 2040 – 1782 BC
          King / Queen / Pharaoh:
     Second intermediate period - 13th to 17th dynasties - 1782 – 1570 BC
          King / Queen / Pharaoh:
     The New Kingdom - 18th to 20th dynasties - 1570 – 1075 BC
          18th dynasty - 1570 - 1292 BC
               King / Queen / Pharaoh:
               1493 - 1482 BC: Thutmose I (Thutmosis I)
               1482 - 1479 BC: Thutmose II (Thutmosis II)
               1479 - 1426 BC: Thutmose III (Thutmosis III)
                 (1473 - 1458 BC: Queen Hatchepsut (Hatshepsut)
               1426 - 1400 BC: Amenhotep II (Amenophis II)
               1400 - 1390 BC: Thutmose IV (Thutmosis IV)
               1390 - 1353 BC: Amenophis III (Amenophis III)
               1353 - 1336 BC: Akhenaton (Akhenaten)
               1333 - 1323 BC: Tutankhamen (Tutankhamun)
               1319 - 1292 BC: Horemheb (Haremhab)
          19th dynasty - 1292 - 1190 BC
               King / Queen / Pharaoh:
               1292 - 1290 BC: Ramses I
               1290 - 1279 BC: Seti I (Sety I)
               1279 - 1213 BC: Ramses II
               1204 - 1198 BC: Seti II (Sety II)
          20th dynasty - 1190 - 1075 BC
               King / Queen / Pharaoh:
               1187 - 1156 BC: Ramses III
               1156 - 1150 BC: Ramses IV
               1150 - 1145 BC: Ramses V
     Third intermediate period - 21st to 26th dynasties - 1075 – 525 BC
               King / Queen / Pharaoh:
               664 - 610 BC: Psamtik I
               610 - 595 BC: Necho II
               595 - 589 BC: Psamtik II
               589 - 570 BC: Apries
               570 - 526 BC: Amasis (Ahmose II)
     525 BC: Now part of the Persian Empire
     Late period - 27th to 30th dynasties - 525–332 BC
          King / Pharaoh:
     30 BC: Now part of the Roman Empire

 

 France
   741 - 1792 Monarchy
     King:
     741 - 751: Pippin III, the Short (mayor of the palace)
     751 - 768: Pippin III, the Short (king of the Franks)
     768 - 771: Carloman (king of the Franks)
     771 - 800: Charlemagne (Charles I; king of the Franks)
     800 - 814: Charlemagne (Charles I; Holy Roman emperor)
     814 - 840: Louis I, the Pious (emperor)
     840 - 855: Lothar I (emperor)
     840 - 876: Louis II, the German (king of the East Franks)
     843 - 875: Charles II, the Bald (king of the West Franks)
     875 - 877: Charles II, the Bald (Holy Roman emperor)
     855 - 875: Louis II (emperor)
     876 - 887: Charles III, the Fat (king of the East Franks)
     884 - 887: Charles III, the Fat (Holy Roman emperor, king of the West Franks)
     877 - 879: Louis II, the Stammerer (king of the West Franks)
     879 - 882: Louis III (king of the West Franks)
     879 - 884: Carloman (king of the West Franks)
     887 - 899: Arnulf (king of the East Franks)
     888 - 898: Eudes (king of the West Franks)
     898 - 922: Charles III, the Simple (king of the West Franks)
     899 - 911: Louis IV, the Child (last king of the East Franks)
     922 - 923: Robert I
     923 - 936: Rudolf
     936 - 954: Louis IV d'Outremer
     954 - 986: Lothar
     986 - 987: Louis V
     987 - 996: Hugh Capet
     996 - 1031: Robert II, the Pious
     1031 - 1060: Henry I
     1060 - 1108: Philip I
     1108 - 1137: Louis VI
     1137 - 1180: Louis VII
     1180 - 1223: Philip II
     1223 - 1226: Louis VIII
     1226 - 1270: Louis IX (St. Louis)
     1270 - 1285: Philip III
     1285 - 1314: Philip IV
     1314 - 1316: Louis X
     1316: John I
     1316 - 1322: Philip V
     1322 - 1328: Charles IV
     1328 - 1350: Philip VI
     1350 - 1364: John II, the Good
     1364 - 1380: Charles V
     1380 - 1422: Charles VI
     1422 - 1461: Charles VII
     1461 - 1483: Louis XI
     1461 - 1483: Louis XI
     1483 - 1498: Charles VIII
     1498 - 1515: Louis XII
     1515 - 1547: Francis I
     1547 - 1559: Henry II
     1559 - 1560: Francis II
     1560 - 1574: Charles IX
     1574 - 1589: Henry III
     1589 - 1610: Henry IV
     1610 - 1643: Louis XIII
     1643 - 1715: Louis XIV
     1715 - 1774: Louis XV
     1774 - 1792: Louis XVI
  
   1792 - 1804 First Republic
      President:
      1792 - 1795: National Convention
      1795 - 1799: Directory
      1799 - 1804: Consulate / Napoleon I Bonaparte
    
   1804 - 1814 First Empire
     Emperor:
     1804 - 1814:Napoleon I Bonaparte

   1814 - 1848 Monarchy
     King:
     1814 - 1824: Louis XVIII
     1824 - 1830: Charles X
     1830 - 1848: Louis-Philippe
  
   1848 - 1852 Second Republic
      President:
      1848 - 1852: Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
    
   1852 - 1870 Second Empire
     Emperor:
     1852 - 1870: Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte as Napoleon III
  
   1871 - 1940 Third Republic
      President:
      1871 - 1873: Adolphe Thiers
      1873 - 1879: Patrice de Mac-Mahon
      1879 - 1887: Jules Grévy
      1887 - 1894: Sadi Carnot
      1894 - 1895: Jean Casimir-Périer
      1895 - 1899: Félix Faure
      1899 - 1906: Émile Loubet
      1906 - 1913: Armand Fallières
      1913 - 1920: Raymond Poincaré
      1920: Paul Deschanel
      1920 - 1924: Alexandre Millerand
      1924 - 1931: Gaston Doumergue
      1931 - 1932: Paul Doumer
      1932 - 1940: Albert Lebrun
    
   1940 - 1944 Vichy France
      Head of State:
      1940 - 1944: Philippe Pétain
    
   1944 - 1947 Provisional Government
    
   1947 - 1959 Fourth Republic
      President:
      1947 - 1954: Vincent Auriol
      1954 - 1959: René Coty
    
   1959 - Still in effect    Fifth Republic
      President:
      1959 - 1969: Charles de Gaulle
      1969 - 1974: Georges Pompidou
      1974 - 1981: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
      1981 - 1995: François Mitterrand 
      1995 - 2007: Jacques Chirac
      2007 -           Nicolas Sarkozy

Germany
   800 - 1806 Holy Roman Empire
     Emperor:
     800 - 962 Carolingian Empire    
     800 - 814: Charlemagne    
     962 - 1806 Ottonian Empire 
     962 - 973: Otto I the Great
     973 - 983: Otto II
     983 - 1002: Otto III
     1002 - 1024: Henry II
     1024 - 1039: Conrad II
     1039 - 1056: Henry III
     1056 - 1105: Henry IV
     1105 - 1125: Henry V
     1125 - 1137: Lothair II
     1138 - 1152: Conrad III
     1152 - 1190: Frederick I
     1190 - 1197: Henry VI
     1198 - 1208: Philip
     1208 - 1212: Otto IV
     1212 - 1250: Frederick II
     1250 - 1254: Conrad IV

     1273 - 1291: Rudolf I
     1292 - 1298: Adolf of Nassau
     1298 - 1308: Albert I
     1308 - 1313: Henry VII
     1314 - 1346: Louis IV
     1346 - 1378: Charles IV
     1378 - 1400: Wenceslaus
     1400 - 1410: Rupert
     1410 - 1437: Sigismund
     1438 - 1439: Albert II
     1440 - 1493: Frederick III
     1493 - 1519: Maximilian I
     1519 - 1558: Charles V
     1558 - 1564: Ferdinand I
     1564 - 1576: Maximilian II
     1576 - 1612: Rudolf II
     1612 - 1619: Mathias
     1619 - 1637: Ferdinand II
     1637 - 1657: Ferdinand III
     1658 - 1705: Leopold I
     1705 - 1711: Joseph I
     1711 - 1740: Charles VI

     1742 - 1745: Charles VII
     1745 - 1765: Francis I
     1765 - 1790: Joseph II
     1790 - 1792: Leopold II
     1792 - 1806: Francis II


   1806 - 1813 Confederation of the Rhine

   1815 - 1866 German Confederation

   1867 - 1871 North German Confederation

   1871 - 1918 German Empire
      Emperor:
      1871 - 1888 William I
      1888            Frederick III
      1888 - 1918 William II

   1919 - 1933 Weimar Republic
     President:
     1919 - 1925: Friedrich Ebert
     1925 - 1933: Paul von Hindenburg

Lydia
   680 BC - 546 BC Kingdom of Lydia / Lydian Empire
      King:
      680 BC - 652 BC: Gyges

                  - 610 BC: Sadyattes
      610 BC - 560 BC: Alyattes
      560 BC - 546 BC: Croesus
      546 BC: Now part of the Persian Empire

Media
   ... BC - 550 BC Kingdom of Media / Median Empire
      King:
      625 BC - 585 BC: Cyaxares
      585 BC - 550 BC: Astyages
      550 BC: Now part of the Persian Empire
 

Mexico
     First Mexican Empire:
     July 21, 1822 - March 19, 1823
     Second Mexican Empire:
     1864 - 1867
     President:
     November 29, 1876 - December 6, 1876  Porfirio Díaz
     December 6, 1876 - February 17, 1877    Juan N. Méndez
     February 17, 1877 - November 30, 1880  Porfirio Díaz
     December 1, 1880 - November 30, 1884  Manuel González
     December 1, 1884 - May 25, 1911           Porfirio Díaz
     May 25, 1911 - November 5, 1911           Francisco León de la Barra (interim)
     November 6, 1911 - February 18, 1913    Francisco I. Madero
     February 18, 1913                                    Pedro Lascuráin (interim)
     February 18, 1913 - July 15, 1914            Victoriano Huerta
     July 15, 1914 - August 13, 1914               Francisco S. Carvajal (interim)

     Split:

 
     May 1, 1917 - May 21, 1920   Venustiano Carranza (now constitutional president)
     June 1, 1920 - November 30, 1920          Adolfo de la Huerta (interim)
     December 1, 1920 - November 30, 1924  Alvaro Obregón


 

Naples
   ... - 1799 Kingdom of Naples
      King:
      1759 - 1799: King Ferdinand IV
   1799 January 24 - June 13 Parthenopean Republic
      French General Jean Étienne Championnet
   1799 - 1816 Kingdom of Naples
      King:
      1799 - 1806: Ferdinand IV
      1806 - 1808: Joseph Bonaparte
      1808 - 1815: Joachim Murat
      1815 - 1816: Ferdinand IV
   1816 - 1860 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
      King:
      1816 - 1825: Ferdinand I
      1825 - 1830: Francis I
      1830 - 1859: Ferdinand II



Netherlands
   1579 - 1588 Union of Utrecht
   1588 - 1795 Dutch Republic
   1795 - 1806 Batavian Republic

   1815 - Today  Kingdom of the Netherlands
       King or Queen:
       1815 - 1840 William I
       1840 - 1849 William II
       1849 - 1890 William III
       1890 - 1948 Queen Wilhelmina
       1948 - 1980 Queen Juliana
       1980 - ...      Queen Beatrix

 
Parthia
   250 BC - 224 AD Parthian Empire
      King:
      250 BC - 211 BC: Arsaces I

      213 AD - 224 AD: Artabanus V
      224 AD: Now Sasanian Empire

Persia (Ancient Iran)
   559 BC - 330 BC Persian Empire
      King:
      560 BC - 529 BC Cyrus II the Great
      529 BC - 522 BC Cambyses II
      522 BC - 486 BC Darius I the Great
      486 BC - 465 BC Xerxes I
      465 BC - 425 BC Artaxerxes I Longimanus
      423 BC - 404 BC Darius II Ochus
      404 BC - 359/358 BC Artaxerxes II
      359/358 BC - 338 BC Artaxerxes III
      338 BC - 336 BC Arses
      336 BC - 330 BC Darius III
      330 BC: Now part of the Macedonian Empire
 

Rome
For Holy Roman Empire look under Germany
   Kingdom of Rome 753 BC - 509 BC
     King:
     ...    - 535 BC: Servius Tullius
     534 - 509 BC: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
   Roman Republic 509 BC - 27 BC
   Dictator:
   82 - 79 BC Sulla
   46 - 44 BC Julius Caesar
      

   Roman Empire 27 BC - 476 AD
     Emperor:
     27 BC - 14 AD Augustus
     14 - 37 Tiberius
     37 - 41 Caligula
     41 - 54 Claudius
     54 - 68 Nero
     68 - 69 Galba
     69        Otho
     69        Vitellius
     69 - 79 Vespasian
     79 - 81 Titus
     81 - 96 Domitian
     96 - 98 Nerva
     98 - 117 Trajan
     117 - 138 Hadrian
     138 - 161 Antoninus Pius
     161 - 180 Marcus Aurelius
     180 - 192 Commodus
     193 - 193 Pertinax
     193 - 211 Septimius Severus
     211 - 217 Caracalla
     217 - 218 Macrinus
     218 - 222 Elagabalus
     222 - 235 Severus Alexander
     235 - 238 Maximinus
     238 - 244 Gordian III
     244 - 249 Philip
     249 - 251 Decius
     251 - 253 Gallus
     253 - 253 Aemilian
     253 - 260 Valerian
     260 - 268 Gallienus
     268 - 270 Claudius II Gothicus
     270 - 270 Quintillus
     270 - 275 Aurelian
     275 - 276 Tacitus
     276 - 276 Florian
     276 - 282 Probus
     282 - 283 Carus
     283 - 284 Numerian

Russia
   Golden Horde
     Khan:
     1227 - 1241: Ögödei
     1241 - 1255: Batu

     1313 - 1341: Öz Beg

     [...]

   Russian Empire
     Czar / Czarina:

     [...]

     1762 - 1796 Catherine II the Great
     1796 - 1801 Paul I (Son of Catherine II the Great)
     1801 - 1825 Alexander I (Son of Paul I)
     1825 - 1855 Nicholas I (Son of Paul I)
     1855 - 1881 Alexander II (Son of Nicholas I)
     1881 - 1894 Alexander III (Son of Alexander II)
     1894 - 1917 Nicholas II (Son of Alexander III)
 

Switzerland
   Helvetic Republic 1798 - 1803


Turkey
   Ottoman Empire
     Sultan:
     1444 - 1446: Mehmed II

     1451 - 1481: Mehmed II
     1481 - 1512: Bayezid II
     1512 - 1520: Selim I the Grim
     1520 - 1566: Sulayman I the Magnificent

United States
     President:
     1789 - 1797: George Washington
     1797 - 1801: John Adams
     1801 - 1809: Thomas Jefferson
     1809 - 1817: James Madison
     1817 - 1825: James Monroe
     1825 - 1829: John Quincy Adams
     1829 - 1837: Andrew Jackson
     1837 - 1841: Martin Van Buren
     1841 - 1841: William Henry Harrison
     1841 - 1845: John Tyler
     1845 - 1849: James Knox Polk
     1849 - 1850: Zachary Taylor
     1850 - 1853: Millard Fillmore
     1853 - 1857: Franklin Pierce
     1857 - 1861: James Buchanan
                            ___|______________
            |                               |

1861 - 1865: Abraham Lincoln

Confederate States of America      President:      1861 - 1865: Jefferson Davis

            |_________________|
                  |                           
     1865 - 1869: Andrew Johnson
     1869 - 1877: Ulysses S. Grant
     1877 - 1881: Rutherford B. Hayes
     1881 - 1881: James A. Garfield
     1881 - 1885: Chester A. Arthur
     1885 - 1889: Grover Cleveland
     1889 - 1893: Benjamin Harrison
     1893 - 1897: Grover Cleveland
     1897 - 1901: William McKinley
     1901 - 1909: Theodore Roosevelt
     1909 - 1913: William H. Taft
     1913 - 1921: Woodrow Wilson
     1921 - 1923: Warren G. Harding
     1923 - 1929: Calvin Coolidge
     1929 - 1933: Herbert C. Hoover
     1933 - 1945: Franklin Delano Roosevelt
     1945 - 1953: Harry S. Truman
     1953 - 1961: Dwight D. Eisenhower
     1961 - 1963: John F. Kennedy
     1963 - 1969: Lyndon B. Johnson
     1969 - 1974: Richard M. Nixon
     1974 - 1977: Gerald R. Ford
     1977 - 1981: Jimmy Carter
     1981 - 1989: Ronald W. Reagan
     1989 - 1993: George H.W. Bush
     1993 - 2001: Bill Clinton
     2001 - 2009: George W. Bush
     2009 -         : Barack Obama



 

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