PELOPONNESIAN WAR
431 BC - 404 BC

This Peloponnesian War is also called the Second Peloponnesian War or the Great Peloponnesian War, and was fought between Athens and Sparta. Both teams had a widespread net of alliances.

Thucydides is the historian of your choice when it comes to the Peloponnesian War.

If people simply use the term Peloponnesian War, they are usually referring to the Second Peloponnesian War.

WHO WON WHO LOST?
Athens surrendered in 404 BC and the Spartans won.

BATTLES OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
415 BC - 413 BC, Siege of Syracuse

BACKGROUND OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
After the First Peloponnesian War, which was fought from 460-445 BC, a peace was concluded in 445 BC between Athens and Sparta, the Thirty Year's Truce.

The peace agreement was not adhered to and hostilities again erupted in 433 BC. In 431 BC, Sparta's ally Thebes attacked Athens' ally Plataea and the Second Peloponnesian War had begun.

THE CHAPTERS OF THE SECOND PELOPONNESIAN WAR
The first chapter of fighting in this war lasted 10 years, from 431-415 BC.

It followed a truce of six years concluded in the Peace of Nicias, lasting from 421-415 BC.

The second period of fighting lasted 11 years, from 415-404 BC. It ended when Athens surrendered.

IN DETAIL
In the Great, or Second, Peloponnesian War, which started in the year 431 BC, Sparta, at the head of nearly all the Peloponnesian states, and aided by the Boeotians and some of the other Greeks beyond the Isthmus, tried to reduce the power of Athens, and to restore independence to the Greek maritime states who were the subject allies of Athens.

At the commencement of the war the Peloponnesian armies repeatedly invade and ravage Attica, but Athens herself is impregnable, and her fleets secure her the dominion of the sea.

In 430 BC Athens was visited by a pestilence, which sweeps off large numbers of her population.

425 BC: The Athenians gain great advantages over the Spartans at Sphacteria, and by occupying Cythera; but they suffer a severe defeat in Boeotia, and the Spartan general, Brasidas, leads an expedition to the Thracian coasts, and conquers many of the most valuable Athenian possessions in those regions.

421 BC: Nominal truce for thirty years between Athens and Sparta, but hostilities continue on the Thracian coast and in other quarters.

415 BC: The Athenians send an expedition to conquer Sicily.

413 BC: Defeat of the Athenians at Syracuse

412 BC: The word of Athens' defeat at Syracuse spreads. Many of the subject allies of Athens revolt from her. The seat of war is
transferred to the Hellespont and eastern side of the AEgean.

410 BC: The Carthaginians attempt to make conquests in Sicily.

407 BC: Cyrus the Younger is sent by the king of Persia to take the
government of all the maritime parts of Asia Minor, and with
orders to help the Lacedaemonian fleet against the Athenian.

406 BC: Agrigentum taken by the Carthaginians.

405 BC: The last Athenian fleet destroyed by Lysander at
AEgospotamos. Athens closely besieged. Rise of the power of
Dionysius at Syracuse.

404 BC: Athens surrenders. The Peloponnesian War is over. The
ascendancy of Sparta is complete throughout Greece. Sparta emerges as the most powerful state in Greece.
 

And here are the maps

MAP OF GREECE IN 431 BC

Map of the Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC
Alliances and Strategies

Athens and Piraeus 431 BC

Map of the Peloponnesian War:
Key Actions in each Phase