FALKLAND ISLANDS WAR
1982, April 2 - June 14
Map: BBC
 

Who fought?
Argentina vs. Great Britain.

Great Britain, under the iron leadership of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, won. Here's a prophetic Time magazine cover from 1979:

TIME MAGAZINE
MAY 14, 1979

How many people lost their lives?
Argentina: about 750 people; Great Britain: 256 people.

TRIVIA
By the way, Argentina planned to blow up a warship in Gibraltar during the Falklands War, or so the Independent reports on April 04, 2007 - Read article.

All about the Falkland Islands here.