Détente is the relaxation of tensions
between nations.
Also written detente,
without the accent aigu, which is the French
´ on the "e."
If this sentence doesn't make sense to you, it might be
time to give your screen a quick clean.
Dhow
A
dhow, also spelled dow, is a native Arab sailing
vessel with one, sometimes two masts, and a sharp
bow. This is a photo of a small dhow:
Suez - A Native Arab Dhow
Library
of Congress
In the 19th century, dhows were chased by
British anti slave trade patrols.
Left: A dhow
under full sail in the Indian Ocean
Right: A cross-section of a dhow showing
stowing of slaves on bamboo decks
Source:
Captain G.L. Sullivan Dhow Chasing in
Zanzibar Waters
Via Edward A. Alpers The
Dhow Slave Trade
Emancipation: Black Soldiers in
the War of 1812
Although abolition was still 50 years away, a law in
1813 made it legal for "persons of color" and "natives
of the United States" to fight for their country in the
U.S. Navy.
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the 18th century.
Thinkers and philosophers promoted rational thinking and
progress. The power of reason challenged religion and
tradition.
Much of this thinking was
done in Paris, France, during the 40 years prior to the
French Revolution.
The French thinkers of the Enlightenment were the
philosophes.
The French word for Enlightenment is
Lumières, or
Siècle des Lumières
(Age of the Enlightened).
The German word for
Enlightenment is Aufklärung.
After this movement had
developed, rulers who followed the spirit of the
Enlightenment could be described as enlightened rulers.
Thus, by extension, the definition of Enlightenment is
not only an intellectual movement but also a way of
thinking, a state of mind.
Estates-General
French assembly of the three orders. The three orders,
or three estates,
were the clergy, the nobility, and the commons (third
estate).
Ethnarch
A ruler of a province in the Roman or Byzantine Empire.
Herod
Archelaus was made ethnarch of Judaea, to drive
the point home that Judaea was not an independent
kingdom but just a Roman province.
An ethnagogue is a
leader of a nation.
Etymology
The origin of a word and its history.
The etymology experts are the linguists, people who
study languages.
The etymology of the word
etymology goes like this. In the late 14th century,
the Greeks used the word etymologia, which stems
from the Greek word etymos, which means true.
The Greeks also used the word logos, which means
word. If you put the two together and shake them
up a bit you get etymology.
The fascist government prefers a hardcore nationalistic
and dictatorial approach.
The word fascism derives from the Latin word
fasces, which means bundle. The Romans tied a bundle of birch rods and
an ax together with a red strap. Roman high officials
used it as a symbol of their authority.
Later, other
governments used this symbol as well. Dictator
Benito
Mussolini was especially fond of this emblem and
named his political faction, the Fascist Party,
after it.
French Revolutionary Armies
The French Revolutionary Armies from 1791-1802, their
commanders, their timeline, their generals on the
guillotine: Army of the Alps, Army of
the Ardennes, Army of the Center, Army of the Coasts,
Army of the Coasts of Brest, Army of the Coasts of
Cherbourg, Army of the Coasts of La Rochelle, Army of
the Coasts of the Ocean, Army of
the Danube, Army of England, Army of
Germany, Army of Helvetia, Army of the Interior, Army of Italy,
Army of Mainz (Mayence), Army of
the Midi, Army of the Moselle, Army of the North, Army
of Observation, Army
of the Pyrenees, Army of the Eastern Pyrenees, Army of
the Western Pyrenees, Army of the Rhine, Army of the
Rhine and Moselle, Army of Sambre and Meuse, Army of the
Var, Army of the Vosges, Army of the West.
Greco-Persian Wars
Also called the
Persian Wars, the Greco-Persian Wars were
fought for almost half a century from 492 to
449 BC. Greece won against enormous odds. Here
is more:
